Venezuela s Contemporary Policy Model - 888 Words

Venezuela’s contemporary policy model is known for being deeply rooted in populist forms of governance since it supports the division between the people and the elite. This has been more prominent amongst Latin American rulers, since the role of a charismatic leader drives the relation between the government and its people. Regimes like these have specific policy mixes that fit into the spectrum of pro-poor and anti-imperialistic ideals. Chà ¡vez’s regime was a perfect fit for the definition and the history behind a populist paradigm. This essay focuses on the political and economic policies endured by the New Bolivarian Constitution by analyzing the general role of a populist regime, its autocratic power and the policy risks that come along with them. Venezuela’s populist regime was ‘popular’ amongst adherent regions in the area, since it claimed to be the leader behind a global movement against imperialism. With the support of Bolivia and Ecuadorà ¢â‚¬â„¢s similar oppressed regimes, Venezuela’s main target is the ‘imperialistic’ ideals of the United States. Hence, the draft of the new constitution includes notions of nationalism, democracy, redistribution of oil wealth and regional integration, not to mention that some of the policies completely differ from the U.S.’ beliefs. However, in regards to democracy, Chavez and Maduro claim that advancing democracy depends on replacing the unresponsive institutions of liberal democracy with new forms of direct, participatory democracy.Show MoreRelatedInternational Region And Its Impact On Foreign Policy Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesRegionalization Introduction An international region can be defined as a number of states linked by a geographic relationship and by a degree of interdependence. The activities of the neighboring states have a significant impact on determining foreign policy. 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Balsara Used to Its Advantage Free Essays

Explain the environmental factors which Balsara used to its advantage. BALSARA USED TO ITS ADVANTAGE IN INDIA. – with clove oil (which has been traditionally regarded in India as an effective deterrent to tooth decay and tooth ache) as a unique selling proposition IN MALAYSIA – There was good response to Miswak also in the Muslim dominated Malaysia. We will write a custom essay sample on Balsara Used to Its Advantage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its promotion highlighted the fact that miswak (Latin Name : Salvadora Persica) was a plant that had been used for centuries by as a tooth cleaning twig. It had reference in Koran. Quoting from Faizal-E-Miswak, it was pointed out that prophet Mohammed used â€Å"miswak before sleeping at night and after awakening. ’’ The religious appeal in the promotion was reinforced by the findings of scientists all over the world, including Arabic ones, of the antibacterial property of clove and its ability to prevent tooth decay and gums. IN USA – Market intelligence revealed that there was a growing preference in the advanced counties for nature based products. Balsara tied up with Auromere Imports Inc. (AAII), Los Angeles. An agency established by American followers of Aurobindo, an Indian philosopher saint. Eight months of intensive R D enabled Balsara to develop a tooth paste containing 24 herbal ingredients that would satisfy the required parameter. Auromere was voted as the No. 1 toothpaste in North Eastern USA ————— The product line was extended by introducing several variants of Auromere. A saccharine free toothpaste was introduced. It was found that mint and menthol were taboo for users of homoeopathic medicines. So a product free of such mints was developed. Auromere Fresh Mint for the young and Auromere Cina Mint containing a combination of cinnamon and peppermint were also introduced BALSARA EXPLOITED THESE SENTIMENTS. In the case of Balsara: there was increased demand for products which were herbal, organic etc from the customers. The marketing mix was designed to take advantage of the same whereby it included natural and herbal products and private label brands to customers who were willing to pay for the same. How to cite Balsara Used to Its Advantage, Essay examples

International Business Operations

Question: This report is about the business strategy of the company Country Road in Australia which is going to open their business in France. Answer: 1.0 Introduction This report is about the business strategy of the company Country Road in Australia which is going to open their business in France. The business strategy selection is the most vital activity for starting a business in a new country. The considerations for conducting the international business operations by Country Road have been analyzed in this report. The background details of the business organizations are analyzed at the beginning level of the report. Then the different types of risks associated with the different types of business operations. Some recommendations are also given at the last section of this report for improving the production and other business operations. 2.0 Background of the Organization One of the most popular lifestyle brands of Australia is Country Road that was established in the year of 1974. The organization mainly provides cloths with great quality that shows the brand value of the organization However, the biggest advantage of the organization is its strategy of price, which it keeps low than any other organization. Offered product of Main Road includes cloths for men, women and children. Head office of the organization is located in Richmond, Victoria region of Australia. With their sales stores in cities such as Chicago, Boston and New York, the organization has already popularity among the people of America. However, according to Hovhannisyan and Keller (2015), recently due to lack of sales the organization was forced to close down one of their stores. Primary goal of the organization is to manufacture stylist and designed merchandise that can reflect the lifestyle of the people of Australia. The organization started as a niche womens shirting business in the year of 1974. However, in the year of 1994, Woolworth Holding Limited (South Africa) secured a controlling interest in Country Road. Later in the year of 2004, the organization was able to re-launch them with a fresh modern identity. One of the biggest achievements of the company was its acquisition of Witchery Group in the year of 2012. They also acquired Mimco retail brands with the strategic rationale of creating Australias largest fashion retail group. 3.0 Export Promises and Risks in France Risks: According to Hamilton and Webster, (2015), Australian companies are suggested to spend time to investigate the market to gain professional advice before starting any business in France. Some risks while exporting in France are intellectual property risks, political and commercial risks, and risk through compliance to foreign regulations and standards and non-payment by foreign buyer. For country road, it is important that they protect their intellectual property rights while trading with France. In France, the patents and trademarks are administrated by the INPI. Therefore, it is highly essential to understand all the rules and regulations with the help of INPI before staring the business (Buckley, Cross Mattos, 2015). Political and commercial risks while exporting in France are local tax, tariff, customs and import laws. Besides, the restriction on repatriation of funds is another risk while exporting in France. Besides, the Government of France is very strict if the goods do not meet the local countries import. Therefore, it will be tough to compliance to regulations and standards of France as the culture of Australia and France are quite different. The biggest risk that the organization might face while exporting goods in the France is the chances of nonpayment by foreign buyer. Benefits: According to Fischer and Henkel (2012), Metropolitan France, which is also known as L Hexagon is perfectly situated as a prosperous export market for companies. France is the fifth largest economy in the world France is a geographical hub for doing business within European Union. The biggest benefit is that France is the largest aerospace and nuclear industries, second largest agri-food and chemical industry and third largest information and communication technology hub. Therefore, Country Road will have advantages such as proximity to European countries, easy transportation link from the France as the cost of flights is low to Paris and many other provincial cities, huge and open and diversified markets and time difference of only four hours. 3.1 Steps to improve export performance In order to improve the export performance of France, the Government must lower the cost of labor. However, the Government is currently trying to reestablish a fiscal balance. Therefore, as mentioned by Ocasio and Radoynovska (2016), the best possible way to lower the labor cost is to transfer these into other another taxes. That is why the social VAT was developed by the previous organization. However, the current Government cancelled this policy and developed a new one named as CSG tax that has a great advantage of having a larger tax base that will include capital income. 3.2 Information sources and Government programs to help exporters Government of France is planning to improve the efficiency of its export policies by helping the small and medium sized companies so that they can access to support easily. The Government is also working to offer one-stop-shop so that new companies can overcome their growth challenges especially in international markets. Therefore, it can be said that Country Road will get ample help from the Government of France while exporting goods to the country. 4.0 Recommendation for Market Entry mode As the company has been taking entry into the foreign market, it is necessary to focus on the barriers for taking entry into the market. In this part, it is required to consider the objectives of the firm, the nature and types of the organization as well as the size and the available resources of the company. Brouthers (2013) has stated that whether the product has its prior experience or a subsidy in the operating country is one of the major questions. The company is required to focus on the transport costs and the trade barriers along with the political, economic risks and the business risks along with the strategy of the corporation. It can be stated that the optimal entry mode varies by several situations, depending on these above mentioned factors. However, it can be stated that analyzing the nature of the market, it is required to prepare the marketing plan likewise (Chang et al., 2012). It is regardless to say that every export is highly important in the receipt country and Country Road is required to stay competitive in the newly operating market. For hold on a strong position in the market, they are required to establish a factory in the new operating country by creating a joint venture as well as taking help from the local producers. In this part, it is required to mention that the decision of how to take entry into the market might have a significant impact on the final results and taking entry into the foreign market might be achieved through exporting, licensing, joint venture as well as direct investment (Dunning, 2012). Figure 1: Market entry strategies (Source: Fischer Henkel, 2012) At the time of exporting the product to the newly operating market, it is required to focus on product sample taking into account the product sourcing, demand of these products in the market, product management, labeling, control over the product as well as ample information of the market. At the time of taking entry into the new market, the company is required to establish the prices considering several situations in the market. Apart from that, they are required to focus on discounts and competitive information (Folsom et al., 2012). Proper advertising, promotion of the new brand, direct mail to the target customers, exhibitions and the trade shows, direct selling, sales force, sales or the returns are some of the major parts that are required to focus on immediately (Holtbrgge Baron, 2013). As the company is one of the leading companies, it would not require huge inventory support at the initial level. However, at the time of taking entry into the market, they are required to arrange proper funds provision, raising proper capital, order processing, insurance and arbitration along with the procedure of ordering. These steps are required to follow, as Country Road has been planning to take entry into France market (Homburg et al., 2015). 5.0 Marketing and RD considerations From the details reports of the company, it can be seen that Country Road has been planning to expand their business in France. Therefore, it is required to analyze the market condition of the country where the company has been planning to expand. RD has found the fact that there exist several other companies in France and thus penetrating into the market is tough enough for the organization and demands proper marketing strategy. Killing (2012) has said that the slight recovery in demand seen in the retailing industry in the year 2015 has helped the existing retailers of France to forget 2014 and looking forward to expand more in this sector. At the initial level, the marketing strategy of the company would be to maximize the value of the firm and thus the managers are required to pursue the strategies that increase the profitability of the enterprise and its rate of profit growth over time (Kohtamki et al., 2013). Figure 2: Determinants of enterprise value (Source: Laufs Schwens, 2014) The value creation at this position is one of the major concerns of the firm and it can be stated that more value the customers place on the products of the firms, the higher the price the firm can charge for those specific products. More innovation products at this context is required to design in order to strongly penetrate the market. For attracting the attention of the new target customers in France, the corporation is required to add value to the products, so that the customers are willing enough to pay more for this. Besides adding value to the products, Country Road is required to lower the costs (Li et al., 2012). However, it can be stated that the company is required to rely on two basic strategies for enhancing the profitability of the organization through a differentiation strategy as well as a low cost strategy. Moreover, it can be stated that it is required to make sure that the organization has the proper and appropriate organizational structure in the place to execute the adopted strategy. For holding a strong position in the market, the company is required to focus on the primary activities and these accounts creating innovation and differentiated products, marketing as well as delivering the product to the consumers and giving appropriate support and appropriate after sale service to the consumers of the innovative products (Maekelburger, Schwens Kabst, 2012). Figure 3: Organizational architecture (Source: Parker Van Praag, 2012) Sanzo et al. (2012) have stated that additionally, the company is required to attain superior performance and earn a high return on the capital and the strategies are require to make proper sense towards the given market conditions. However, it must required to mention that market situations, strategy, operations as well as the organization must be consistent with each other as well as fit with each other, for superior performances to be properly attained (Shaver, 2013). 6.0 Recommendation for production In order to start their business in France, Country Road will have to adapt one of the four popular product-developing strategies that are ethnocentric approach, polycentric approach, egocentric approach and geocentric approach. According to Buckley (2016), for Country Road it would be better if they select polycentric approach. In this approach, Country Road will be aware that the French market is different from the market of Australia. The company needs to adopt new management style depending on the situation of this country. This strategy has the belief on the fact that the international business strategy should have the focus on the local preferences. The company can have huge advantage of the strategy, but they need to focus on the problem of coordination and control between the different subsidiaries. Better sale can be achieved by using more informed local management of the production management. More imitative should be taken regarding the local products. This will help the c ompany to generate more revenues from the local products. The following steps should be followed by the company to get the desired level of success in the business. Production planning is associated with the scheduling of employee activities, accurate delivery of the products to the customers and the effective level of supply chain management. Step 1: Assessing and monitoring of the production capacity is the first initiative of the company. Understanding of the production capacity of the company will help to recognize which elements have to be monitored by the production managers. All the physical requirements of the company should be documented for reviewing in the planning process. The production capacity of the company need to be monitored regularly and the limitations should be measure as per the requirements of the business of the company (Buckley, 2016). Step 2: Depending on the production planning assessment report in the previous step, the company need to develop the production plan in this step. The labor and technical resources need to determine for accomplishing all the tasks related to the production of the company. The technical requirements and manpower requirements for the production changes should be assessed by the management of the company. When the market demand is high then the manpower of the company should be increased by hiring more people. In case of any reduction in the manpower or the technical requirements, the documents have to be modified (Dunning, 2012). Step 3: The third step of the production management is the understanding of the different aspects of the supply chain management of the company. Selection of the raw material suppliers, distributors and analyzing the storage capacity of the warehouse are the most important activities of the production management. The company should search for the highest quality of raw materials in the most reasonable price. They should select the raw materials suppliers near the production house of the company. This will be able to reduce the transportation cost of the production. New ICT technology tools and internet technology have to be used in the selection and management of the suppliers. A Supply Chain Scheduling (SCS) software need to be develop and used for the effective handing of the SCM of the company (Parker Van Praag, 2012). Step 4: Effective level of communication is the next requirement for the management of the supply chain activities in the production management of the company. The company should communicate with the suppliers for clarifying the requirements of the company. Both the supplier and consumer companies should ensure that the right materials are supplied at the right time. Step 5: The company should consider the Electronic Data Interchange system for assisting the production planning. The system can be used for analyzing the production capacity of the company by production capacity and actual production. These steps will help the company to improve the production to produce more products and to get more profit from business. 7.0 International HRM issues and considerations The companies which are conducting the business operations in international level should be conscious about the different cultures, economics, and legislations in the area of the Human Resource Management. The cultural values are associated with the societal forces, beliefs and the individual actions of the groups. The cultural values are associated with the locality of the countries in which they are working (Killing, 2012). The recruitment and selection procedure of the company should consider the following issues and consideration. Managerial competence: Knowledge regarding the specific operations o related to the business of the company, leadership skills and technical skills. Adaptability: The ability of dealing with new and challenging situations in the workplaces. Training: The candidates must be trained about the specific business operations of the company. The cost benefit analysis of the HRM of the company should be done by considering the economic conditions of the company. Other facilities to the employees should be provided by checking the legislations and health care facilities available in the operating countries. In this case, the management of the company should consider the health and safety related legislations in France and should consider those in their HRM operations (Shaver, 2013). 8.0 Conclusion After completion of the entire task, it can be stated that Country Road of Australia is one of the leading clothing retailers and has been planning to take entry into the France market. In order to carry on the entire task, focus has been shed on exporting promises and the risks in operating in the France market. The risks as well as benefits have been discussed in the context of France. Apart from that, some major steps have been mentioned for enhancing the export performance of this retail company and some more information sources along with government programs in order to help the exporters. In order to enhance the market entry, some effective recommendations have been provided and it is expected that these features would help the company to penetrate into the France market. References: Brouthers, K. D. (2013). A retrospective on: Institutional, cultural and transaction cost influences on entry mode choice and performance.Journal of International Business Studies,44(1), 14-22. Buckley, P. J. (2016). The contribution of internalisation theory to international business: New realities and unanswered questions.Journal of World Business,51(1), 74-82. Buckley, P. J., Cross, A., De Mattos, C. (2015). The principle of congruity in the analysis of international business cooperation.International Business Review,24(6), 1048-1060. Chang, Y. C., Kao, M. S., Kuo, A., Chiu, C. F. (2012). How cultural distance influences entry mode choice: The contingent role of host country's governance quality.Journal of Business Research,65(8), 1160-1170. Dunning, J. H. (2012).International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business)(Vol. 12). Routledge. Fischer, T., Henkel, J. (2012). Capturing value from innovationdiverging views of RD and marketing managers.Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on,59(4), 572-584. Folsom, R. H., Gordon, M. W., Spanogle, J. A., Fitzgerald, P. L., Van Alstine, M. P. (2012). International business transactions: a problem-oriented coursebook. Hamilton, L., Webster, P. (2015).The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Holtbrgge, D., Baron, A. (2013). Market entry strategies in emerging markets: An institutional study in the BRIC countries.Thunderbird International Business Review,55(3), 237-252. Homburg, C., Vomberg, A., Enke, M., Grimm, P. H. (2015). The loss of the marketing departments influence: is it really happening? And why worry?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(1), 1-13. Hovhannisyan, N., Keller, W. (2015). International business travel: an engine of innovation?.Journal of Economic Growth,20(1), 75-104. Killing, P. (2012).Strategies for Joint Venture Success (RLE International Business)(Vol. 22). Routledge. Kohtamki, M., Partanen, J., Mller, K. (2013). Making a profit with RD servicesThe critical role of relational capital.Industrial marketing management,42(1), 71-81. Laufs, K., Schwens, C. (2014). Foreign market entry mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises: A systematic review and future research agenda.International Business Review,23(6), 1109-1126. Li, P. C., Chen, Y. C. (2012). How does social orientation influence RD-marketing collaboration?.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,29(1), 151-168. Maekelburger, B., Schwens, C., Kabst, R. (2012). Asset specificity and foreign market entry mode choice of small and medium-sized enterprises: The moderating influence of knowledge safeguards and institutional safeguards.Journal of International Business Studies,43(5), 458-476. Ocasio, W., Radoynovska, N. (2016). Strategy and commitments to institutional logics: Organizational heterogeneity in business models and governance.Strategic Organization, 1476127015625040. Parker, S. C., Van Praag, C. M. (2012). The entrepreneur's mode of entry: Business takeover or new venture start?.Journal of Business Venturing,27(1), 31-46. Sanzo, M. J., lvarez, L. I., Rey, M., Garca, N. (2012). PERCEPTIONS OF TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT TO INNOVATION AND RD MARKETING RELATIONSHIP EFFECTIVENESS: DO THEY AFFECT CSR?.Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics,83(3), 383-405. Shaver, J. M. (2013). Do we really need more entry mode studiesquest.Journal of International Business Studies,44(1), 23-27. Stock, R. M., Reiferscheid, I. (2014). Who should be in power to encourage product program innovativeness, RD or marketing?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(3), 264-276. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Nazism Essays (2206 words) - Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany,

Nazism NAZISM The National Socialist German Workers' Party almost died one morning in 1919. It numbered only a few dozen grumblers' it had no organization and no political ideas. But many among the middle class admired the Nazis' muscular opposition to the Social Democrats. And the Nazis themes of patriotism and militarism drew highly emotional responses from people who could not forget Germany's prewar imperial grandeur. In the national elections of September 1930, the Nazis garnered nearly 6.5 million votes and became second only to the Social Democrats as the most popular party in Germany. In Northeim, where in 1928 Nazi candidates had received 123 votes, they now polled 1,742, a respectable 28 percent of the total. The nationwide success drew even faster... in just three years, party membership would rise from about 100,000 to almost a million, and the number of local branches would increase tenfold. The new members included working-class people, farmers, and middle-class professionals. They were both better educated and younger then the Old Fighters, who had been the backbone of the party during its first decade. The Nazis now presented themselves as the party of the young, the strong, and the pure, in opposition to an establishment populated by the elderly, the weak, and the dissolute. Hitler was born in a small town in Austria in 1889. As a young boy, he showed little ambition. After dropping out of high school, he moved to Vienna to study art, but he was denied the chance to join Vienna academy of fine arts. When WWI broke out, Hitler joined Kaiser Wilhelmer's army as a Corporal. He was not a person of great importance. He was a creature of a Germany created by WWI, and his behavior was shaped by that war and its consequences. He had emerged from Austria with many prejudices, including a powerful prejudice against Jews. Again, he was a product of his times... for many Austrians and Germans were prejudiced against the Jews. In Hitler's case the prejudice had become maniacal it was a dominant force in his private and political personalities. Anti-Semitism was not a policy for Adolf Hitler--it was religion. And in the Germany of the 1920s, stunned by defeat, and the ravages of the Versailles treaty, it was not hard for a leader to convince millions that one element of the nation's society was responsible for most of the evils heaped upon it. The fact is that Hitler's anti-Semitism was self-inflicted obstacle to his political success. The Jews, like other Germans, were shocked by the discovery that the war had not been fought to a standstill, as they were led to believe in November 1918, but that Germany had , in fact, been defeated and was to be treated as a vanquished country. Had Hitler not embarked on his policy of disestablishing the Jews as Germans, and later of exterminating them in Europe, he could have counted on their loyalty. There is no reason to believe anything else. On the evening of November 8, 1923, Wyuke Vavaruab State Cinnussuiber Gustav Rutter von Kahr was making a political speech in Munich's sprawling B?rgerbr?ukeller, some 600 Nazis and right-wing sympathizers surrounded the beer hall. Hitler burst into the building and leaped onto a table, brandishing a revolver and firing a shot into the ceiling. ?The National Revolution,? he cried, ?has begun!? At that point, informed that fighting had broken out in another part of the city, Hitler rushed to that scene. His prisoners were allowed to leave, and they talked about organizing defenses against the Nazi coup. Hitler was of course furious. And he was far from finished. At about 11 o'clock on the morning of November 9--the anniversary of the founding of the German Republic in 1919--3,000 Hitler partisans again gathered outside the B?rgerbr?ukeller. To this day, no one knows who fired the first shot. But a shot rang out, and it was followed by fusillades from both sides. Hermann G?ring fell wounded in the thigh and both legs. Hitler flattened himself against the pavement; he was unhurt. General Ludenorff continued to march stolidly toward the police line, which parted to let him pass through (he was later arrested, tried and acquitted). Behind him, 16 Nazis and three policemen lay sprawled dead among the many wounded. The next year, R?hm and his band joined forces with the fledgling National Socialist Party in Adolf Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch. Himmler took part in that uprising, but he played such a minor role that he escaped arrest. The R?hm-Hitler alliance survived the Putsch, and ?hm's 1,500-man band grew into the

Henry Ford and the Auto Assembly Line

Henry Ford and the Auto Assembly Line Cars changed the way people lived, worked, and enjoyed leisure time; however, what most people don’t realize is that the process of manufacturing automobiles had an equally significant impact on the industry. The creation of the assembly line by Henry Ford at his Highland Park plant, introduced on December 1, 1913, revolutionized the automobile industry and the concept of manufacturing worldwide. The Ford Motor Company Henry Ford was not a newcomer to the business of automobile manufacturing. He built his first car, which he christened the â€Å"Quadricycle,† in 1896. In 1903, he officially opened the Ford Motor Company and five years later released the first Model T. Although the Model T was the ninth automobile model Ford created, it would be the first model which would achieve wide popularity. Even today, the Model T remains an icon for the still-existing Ford Motor Company. Making the Model T Cheaply Henry Ford had a goal of making automobiles for the multitudes. The Model T was his answer to that dream; he wanted them to be both sturdy and cheap. In an effort to make Model T’s cheaply at first, Ford cut out extravagances and options. Buyers couldn’t even choose a paint color; they were all black. By the end of production, however, the cars would be available in a wide variety of colors and with a wide variety of custom bodies. The cost of the first Model T was set at $850, which would be approximately $21,000 in today’s currency. That was cheap, but still not cheap enough for the masses. Ford needed to find a way to cut down the price even further. Highland Park Plant In 1910, with the aim of increasing manufacturing capacity for the Model T, Ford built a new plant in Highland Park, Michigan. He created a building that would be easily expanded as new methods of production were incorporated. Ford consulted with Frederick Taylor, creator of scientific management, to examine the most efficient modes of production. Ford had previously observed the assembly line concept in slaughterhouses in the Midwest and was also inspired by the conveyor belt system that was common in many grain warehouses in that region. He wished to incorporate these ideas into the information Taylor suggested to implement a new system in his own factory. One of the first innovations in production that Ford implemented was the installation of gravity slides that facilitated the movement of parts from one work area to the next. Within the next three years, additional innovative techniques were incorporated and, on December 1, 1913, the first large-scale assembly line was officially in working order. Assembly Line Function The moving assembly line appeared to the onlooker to be an endless contraption of chains and links that allowed Model T parts to swim through the sea of the assembly process. In total, the manufacturing of the car could be broken down into 84 steps. The key to the process, however, was having interchangeable parts. Unlike other cars of the time, every Model T produced on Fords line used the exact same valves, gas tanks, tires, etc. so that they could be assembled in a speedy and organized fashion. Parts were created in mass quantities and then brought directly to the workers who were trained to work at that specific assembly station. The chassis of the car was pulled down the 150-foot line by a chain conveyor and then 140 workers applied their assigned parts to the chassis. Other workers brought additional parts to the assemblers to keep them stocked; this reduced the amount of time workers spent away from their stations to retrieve parts. The assembly line significantly decreased the assembly time per vehicle and increased the profit margin. Assembly Line Customization As time passed, Ford used assembly lines more flexibly than he is generally given credit for. He used multiple parallel lines in a start-stop mode to adjust output to large demand fluctuations. He also used sub-systems which optimized extraction, transportation, production, assembly, distribution, and sales supply chain systems.   Perhaps his most useful and neglected innovation was the development of a way to mechanize production and yet customize the configuration of each Model T as it rolled off the block. Model T production had a core platform, a chassis consisting of engine, pedals, switches, suspensions, wheels, transmission, gas tank, steering wheel, lights, etc. This platform was continually being improved. But the body of the car could be any one of several types of vehicles: auto, truck, racer, woody wagon, snowmobile, milk wagon, police wagon, ambulance, etc.  At peak, there were eleven basic model bodies, with 5,000 custom gadgets that were manufactured by external companies that could be selected by the customers. Impact of the Assembly Line on Production The immediate impact of the assembly line was revolutionary. The use of interchangeable parts allowed for continuous workflow and more time on task by laborers. Worker specialization resulted in less waste and a higher quality of the end product. Sheer production of the Model T dramatically increased. The production time for a single car dropped from over 12 hours to just 93 minutes due to the introduction of the assembly line. Ford’s 1914 production rate of 308,162 eclipsed the number of cars produced by all other automobile manufacturers combined. These concepts allowed Ford to increase his profit margin and lower the cost of the vehicle to consumers. The cost of the Model T would eventually drop to $260 in 1924, the equivalent of approximately $3,500 today. Impact of the Assembly Line on Workers The assembly line also drastically altered the lives of those in Ford’s employ. The workday was cut from nine hours to eight hours so that the concept of the three-shift workday could be implemented with greater ease. Although hours were cut, workers did not suffer from lower wages; instead, Ford nearly doubled the existing industry-standard wage and began paying his workers $5 a day. Ford’s gamble paid off- his workers soon used some of their pay increases to purchase their own Model Ts. By the end of the decade, the Model T had truly become the automobile for the masses that Ford had envisioned. The Assembly Line Today The assembly line is the primary mode of manufacturing in the industry today. Automobiles, food, toys, furniture, and many more items pass down assembly lines worldwide before landing in our homes and on our tables. While the average consumer does not think of this fact often, this 100-year-old innovation by a car manufacturer in Michigan changed the way we live and work forever. Sources and Further Reading Alizon, Fabrice, Steven B. Shooter, and Timothy W. Simpson. Henry Ford and the Model T: Lessons for Product Platforming and Mass Customization. Design Studies 30.5 (2009): 588–605. Print.Upward, Geoffrey C. A Home for Our Heritage: The Building and Growth of Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum. Dearborn, Michigan: The Henry Ford Museum Press, 1979. Print.Wilson, James M. Henry Ford Vs. Assembly Line Balancing. International Journal of Production Research 52.3 (2014): 757–65. Print.

Is the New 2016 SAT a Reaction to the Common Core

Is the New 2016 SAT a Reaction to the Common Core SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You know the SAT is changing. But were those changes driven by the Common Core? And why would that matter? Read on to find out - and to be prepared for the new SAT in 2016. The New 2016 SAT and Common Core As you probably know, the SAT is undergoing a pretty dramatic change in 2016. You may be wondering: is this change caused by the new Common Core standards? Although the College Board denies this connection, the signs point to yes. For one thing, David Coleman, the current head of the College Board, was previously part of the English Language Arts committee of the Common Core. The media often refers to him as an â€Å"architect of the Common Core.† So it's not too surprising that he would bring the Common Core philosophy to the College Board, leading to an SAT overhaul. In you're interested, you can read more about how David Coleman specifically drove the SAT changes, and how his work designing the Common Core was a big motivator. However, College Board doesn’t explicitly tie the new SAT to Common Core since the Common Core is very controversial in some places. After all, the College Board still wants the SAT to be a universal college admissions test. This is why the College Board barely mentions the Common Core in their giant, 200-page document about the new SAT. However, an Education Week analysis convincingly shows Common Core standards seem to have driven the new SAT changes. Check out a summary of that analysis below: Concept Common Core-inspired Change Citing Evidence Not tested on the old SAT. The new SAT has evidence-based reading and writing multiple choice questions, which lines up with Common Core goals of teaching students to cite specific textual evidence. Reading Passage Sources The old SAT's Reading and Writing passages didn't represent a range of academic disciplines. Now the Reading and Writing passages come from a wide range of topics, including science, history, and social studies. This matches the Common Core's push for English classes to include more non-literary texts. Vocabulary The old SAT tested obscure vocabulary that required students to be familiar with relatively rare words. The new SAT is focusing on more practical words, matching the Common Core's goal for students to be ready to use general academic and domain-specific words. The Essay The old SAT allowed students to draw on their background and experiences as evidence. The new SAT essay measures your ability to analyze evidence and explain how an author builds an argument, reflecting the Common Core's goal to teach students to gather, evaluate, and properly cite evidence. Range of Math Topics The old SAT drew from a wide range of high school math concepts. The new SAT draws from a smaller range of topics that College Board believes will best show student's readiness for college-level math, including a greater emphasis on Algebra and real-life applications. This speaks to the Common Core's goal to cover fewer math topics in greater depth. Calculators The old SAT allowed calculators on all math sections, leaving it up to students to decide when to use them. The new SAT has a "No Calculator" section. This may be to push students to only use tools when necessary, which is a Common Core goal. Analyzing text and data There was no data analysis on old SAT, which mean there were no graphs or tables in In the Reading and Writing passages. The new SAT will include both text and data for analysis, which matches the Common Core goal for students to be able to understand scientific and technical texts. Founding documents The old SAT usually used texts students hadn’t encountered before, including obscure short stories and poems. The new SAT will include a passage drawn from a US founding document or historical text, like the Declaration of Independence or King’s â€Å"I I Have a Dream" speech, which directly matches up with the grade 9-10 Common Core standard that calls for students to â€Å"analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance.† Puzzle-like Math Questions The old SAT included math questions that relied on students to use logic to solve them, rather than applying Algebra or Geometry. The new SAT will remove these logic-based, puzzle-like questions in favor of questions that specifically test Algebra, Geometry, and other math concepts. This speaks to the Common Core's call for math to have direct real-world applications. Even if College Board doesn't say so explicitly, it seems pretty clear that many of the new SAT changes bring the test in line with Common Core. Let's take a look at what that means in action. Examples of Common Core-Style SAT Questions What do the Common Core-inspired SAT changes actually look like? We will walk through an SAT Reading and an SAT Math example to show you. To begin with, the new SAT Reading has added questions that ask you to use evidence. The old SAT never asked you for evidence directly. See the example below: You would definitely need to read and understand the passage to get this question right, but the old SAT wouldn't ask you how you know that, say, B is the right answer as opposed to E. But on the new SAT, there will be follow-up questions that ask for evidence, reflecting the Common Core goal to have students use direct evidence from their reading. Check out an example: Not only do you have to figure out "the reason Jordan draws a distinction between two types of "parties,"" but you need to know exactly which part of the passage explains why the answer you pick is correct. This is a Common Core-inspired change! We can see evidence of the Common Core affecting SAT Reading. But what about SAT Math? The old SAT included math questions that relied on students to use logic to solve them, rather than applying Algebra or Geometry, like this question below: This question doesn't explicitly test algebra or geometry. Rather, it tests a student's logic skills. You could solve it by sketching a calendar and assigning certain families certain dates, working until you figure out the date that only one family stayed at the hotel. It probably looksquite different than the problems you normally see in math class. (Incidentally, the LSAT, the test you have to take to apply to law school, has a whole section with questions like these. Future lawyers take note!) The new SAT will remove these logic-based, puzzle-like questions in favor of questions that specifically test Algebra, Geometry, and other math concepts. The new SAT will also include more problems that model real-world situations using Algebra, Geometry, and the like. This speaks to the Common Core's call for math to have direct real-world applications. Check out the example below: This problem models a real world situation: counts of Florida manatees. But it also tests a statistics concept: a scatterplot graph with a line of best fit. To get this question right, you have to be familiar with statistics (and be able to read a graph) andunderstand the context of the problem and how it affects the graph. This example reflects how the SAT is changing to reflect the Common Core goals for math: not only including more real-world applications but also refocusing on core math concepts. The PSAT is Changing Too It’s also worth noting that the practice SAT (a.k.a. the PSAT) is changing as well, so it will be fairly similar to the new SAT. In other words, the PSAT changes also seem to be affected by the Common Core. In addition to changing the PSAT, College Board has created more tests – the PSAT 10 and the PSAT 8/9 – to bring SAT-style testing to younger students. PSAT 10 and PSAT 8/9 also have similar question types and goals to the new SAT, though they're less difficult. The creation of more tests for more age levels reflects a Common Core goal to measure progress more often. And the fact that College Board has made these tests shows they hope that schools choosing among the different tests for Common Core will choose College Board and the PSAT (as opposed to ACT Aspire, PARCC, or Smarter Balanced). If you will be taking the PSAT this year, and want an idea of what's like, you can get a PSAT practice test here. But you shouldn't stress over the PSAT. Even if your school is implementing the PSAT 8/9 or PSAT 10, these tests are just for practice ("practice" is right there in the test name!). Unless you have your heart set on a National Merit Scholarship, save your energy for the real SAT. So How Should I Prepare for the New SAT? You may be wondering how to prepare for the new SAT, since given the analysis above, it seems to be changing a lot to reflect the Common Core! First of all, if your school has implemented Common Core, what you’re learning in school will be more relevant to the SAT than it was in the past. The SAT used to test things including obscure vocabulary and logic-based math puzzles that were pretty far away from what you learned in school. With the new SAT, it’s more likely that what you learn in school will actually help you prepare. If you live in one of the green states, that means your state has adopted Common Core, which should help you study for the new SAT. But rather than worrying about how the Common Core is changing the SAT, we suggest you just focus on studying for the new SAT itself. Even though the SAT is changing the way it asks certain questions and trying to be more modern, at the end of the day, it’s still a multiple-choice test. You can improve your score if you put in some serious study hours and make sure you're prepared. Furthermore, the new SAT isn't a radically different test like ACT’s Aspire testing or the PARCC/Smarter Balanced Common Core Tests. Those tests include short answer questions, performance tasks, and sorting questions, to name just a few changes). We have written a complete guide about how to study for the new SAT, and have more specific advice on studying for new SAT vocabulary. Butmost important isour complete guide to the New SAT in 2016 – if you can understand the test, regardless of what caused it to change, you can do well. What’s Next? While the ACT is undergoing some changes to reflect Common Core, they’re not as dramatic. Find out if you should consider taking the ACT instead of the new 2016 SAT. If you decide to take the ACT, learn about the best prep books and get access to free online practice tests. If you decide to take the new SAT, get a preliminary guide to studying for it. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Importance of the Various Internal As Well As External Essay - 4

The Importance of the Various Internal As Well As External Environmental Factors of Tesco in Determining Its Strategies - Essay Example The researcher states that the principal objectives of Tesco plc have been centralized towards serving the customers with better satisfaction as well as with the motive of developing the communities where the company is operational. Moreover, the company also seeks that the employees, customers as well as shareholders are treated in a fair manner and with loyalty. Contextually, it can be stated that strategic positioning or the company, along with its available strategic choices and strategy in action plays a vital role to determine its competencies in the targeted market. Based on this perspective, the discussion henceforth will emphasize on the strategic position, strategic choices and strategy in action as the core elements of strategic management in Tesco. Hence, the discussion will aim to reveal the importance of the various internal as well as external environmental factors of Tesco in determining its strategies as well as in improving its business operational efficiencies crea ting a strong impact on its core elements of strategic management. In this regard, it can also be argued that the company has been facilitated with positive political support. Economic factors have also been significant considerations for Tesco imposing a direct impact on the demand for its products and/or services, pricing structures, costs incurred and profits obtained by the company. It is in this context that Tesco has been responding well towards the global economic fluctuations in order to perform its business operations with greater profitability, targeting the rapidly developing customer groups and also by offering competitive pricing benefits as per the convenience of the customers in the worldwide periphery. Additionally, when operating in the global market, Tesco has to comply with a diverse range of customer preferences owing to the prevalence of distinct cultural dimensions. Hence, it often becomes a challenge for the company to function with equal competencies in every sphere of its global market constituting its social environment. Perhaps, it has been influenced by this particular factor that Tesco has been performing significantly better than compared to its performances in the global marketplace. Similarly, when concentrating on technological factors, a country with more advanced technology is likely to assist the company in performing its business operations in an effective manner. It is in this context that Tesco has been facilitated with technology advancements in the UK while it had to witness significant competition in integrating technology within the global platform. Environmental factors can also be observed to have a significant influence on the effective strategic performances of Tesco.

Market Analysis of Coca Cola as a Global Brand Assignment

Market Analysis of Coca Cola as a Global Brand - Assignment Example The discussion seeks to answer the question: Why in the world, among the different categories and sectors of the global market, Coca Cola has happened to successfully penetrate and retain its market internationally and become the most valuable brand at the global scale level? The Coca Cola as a brand is not limited only to its Coca Cola soft drinks. As mentioned earlier, it encompasses a wide array of categories of beverages like soft drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, water, ready – to – drink juices, teas, as well as coffees. Moreover, Coca Cola has managed to venture their products into new opportunities through different product variants in these different categories of beverages. The Coca Cola products are not without issues. In point of fact, a worldwide hate campaign, Killer Coke, is formed against The Coca Cola Company and is calling to boycott its products. Primarily, its products are criticised for their adverse possible negative effects on health among its consumer as a carbonated and sweetened drink. It produces nothing but products detrimental to health which can lead to death. Since Coca Cola products are high in sugar and calorie content, they fuel the prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the whole world. Some of chemical components and food dyes used in these products are identified to cause cancer. Caffeine, a substance causing physical dependence, is also present in these products. Nonetheless, in the soft drink category, Pepsi, RC Cola, and other local competitor brands are just behind Coca Cola. Despite the issues faced by Coca Cola, its consumers across the globe remain loyal to the brand and the brand has managed to be on top among the other sectors of beverages. Each of the Coca Cola products is positioned to target specific market. For example, the original version of Coke is not only serving as refreshment for an individual but is seen as a special part of the modern times. It functions as means of bonding to family as well, especially when having the traditional dining. While on the one hand, Diet Coke and Coke Zero target those who are health conscious and do not want to gain additional weight due to drinking soft drinks. Coke Zero is positioned as a no sugar and no calorie version of Coke. For those who do not want to ingest caffeine, there is also Caffeine – Free Coca Cola. For those who still want a fruity taste of soda, Coca Cola has its cherry, lime, citra, light sango and orange soda variants. For those who are not into soft drinks, Coca Cola also has ventured in RTD juices like Minute Maid which is positioned as a product with real pulps of fruits like orange. Because of the pulps in Minute Maid, it is considered by the consumers as a healthy citrus drink in the beverage sector. The Coca Cola Company has a

Maybank online banking system Essay Example for Free

Maybank online banking system Essay Maybank is a trade name for Malayan Banking Berhad and is the largest bank and financial group in Malaysia with significant banking operations in Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. Maybank was founded by Malaysian business tycoon Khoo Teck Puat, who died in 2004. The bank also has large interests in Islamic banking through Maybank Islamic Berhad and insurance via its Etiqa subsidiary. Maybank is the largest bank in Malaysia with 401 domestic branches. Maybank operates consumer banking, business and corporate banking as well as private banking services, through a network of 401 branch offices and more than 2,900 automated teller machines in Malaysia Beside its commercial banking network, Maybank operates a number of specialized subsidiaries in the insurance, investment banking and assets management, and finance sectors. Online banking is becoming more and more popular because the advantages of online banking for the majority of banking users. You can apply most of it without leaving your home, if you wish. Internet banking is a great secure and convenient way to handle your cash flow.By using the internet banking, you can make most of different transactions. It is possible to pay bills directly from the checking account online. This saves you the cost of a stamp and saves your times. It also provides you more leeway in how quickly you need to pay your monthly bill. In case you need to mail it, you can send it out long ahead of the due date.Consumers will become more comfortable with doing the majority of their shopping online. Maybank online banking system has provided its full day access to bank accounts and advanced services. Currently, users can now check their finances status with a click of button. They can also view their bank statements, check the balances or manage some transaction by using the online banking system. Recently Maybank had taken a huge step by announcing its internet banking services for the customers. This is due to achieve the same standard as other conventional banking facilities that are in Malaysia. In this era of technology, people tend to seek for things or option that could benefit them in many ways.

Global Warming Endangers the Lives of Grizzly Bears :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Global Warming Endangers the Lives of Grizzly Bears There are less then 1000 grizzly bears left in the lower 48 United States, around 400 of them live in Yellowstone National Park. These endangered, and beautiful bears, are threatened by many factors, most significantly the fragmentation of their habitat by roads. The latest threat to this species is the Global Warming trend that is threatening the White Bark Pine Tree, which is very important to the grizzly bear diet. Grizzly bears need to eat a great deal of fat in the fall in order to prepare for hibernation. Female grizzlies who don't get enough fat may develop fertility problems. White Bark Pine trees produce pine nuts that are considered to be the grizzly bears favorite food and provide up to 40% of the fat they need. Global Warming threatens the White Bark Pine in two ways. First it reduces the area in which the trees can grow. They depend on a cool, alpine habitat, so as the climate warms they are forced to grow higher on the mountains. Since mountains are conical the higher they go, the less space there is for them to grow. Second, the warming climate creates fog banks in which European Blister Rust thrives. European Blister Rust is a plant disease that was accidentally introduced into the Pacific Northwest in 1906. Blister Rust girdles the infected tree, eventually killing it. Since the introduction of this disease more than 98% of White Bark Pine stands in the northwest have been destroyed. In recent years Blister Rust has been noted getting closer and closer to Yellowstone Park. White Bark Pine stands in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta and Blackfoot Reservation, Montana have suffered serious declines. Nearly 30% of the White Bark Pines in these areas have been killed and more than 70% of the remaining, living trees are infected. In the past five years Blister Rust has been seen in Gallatin National Forest, just south of Yellowstone, where Yellowstone grizzlies often forage for food. How does this threat to the White Bark Pine Tree also threaten Grizzly Bears? In two ways. First since the White Bark Pine Tree provides as much as 40% of the fat requirement of grizzlies, the loss of the White Bark Pine directly threatens the fertility of female grizzlies. With only 400 grizzlies living in an isolated pocket around Yellowstone Park, a threat to their fertility is a grave threat to their very existence.

Drugs that can relieve depression

Drugs that can alleviate depression Introduction Drugs such as Paxil, Zoloft, and Prozac can alleviate depression by increasing the degrees of both norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. However, repeated cardiovascular exercising such as running can besides assist relieve depression ( Myers, 2001 ) . Yet, these interventions may merely work temporarily. Deep encephalon stimulation is a radical technology-electrodes are implanted in the encephalon and attached to a battery in the thorax that emits low-tension electrical currents-that promises to be an of import tool for relieving human agony ( Talan, 2009 ) . More than 40,000 patients around the universe have undergone deep encephalon stimulation. Most have experienced singular betterment, and intelligence of the successes has been reported widely. Yet between the encephalon and device are ambuscades and challenges less frequently captured, and they are important to a clearer apprehension of what physicians and scientists mean by a â€Å" discovery † ( Talan, 2009 ) . Medical Electricity History It is amazing to observe that worlds have possessed the ability to use electricity to impact a individual ‘s province of head: in the text of if they are active or inactive. What is even more dumbfounding is the fact that electricity has really been used for a long clip. Literature dictates the fact that a physician from Rome used the unconditioned electricity from certain types of fish to assist comfort trouble off ( Kuhfeld, 1995 ) . Furthemore, scientists such as Benjamin Franklin have besides experimented with electricity. Hence, society is cognizant of how electricity can aide us in the medical field ; we know merely how blameworthy it is. However, scientists lack the cognition of lawfully cognizing how the electricity is able to effectual and if it is a safe path to travel to. History of Deep Brain Stimulation One of the first dramatic associations between depression and Parkinson ‘s emerged rather by accident. In 2001, a Gallic doctor and scientist, Yves Agid, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine that electrical stimulation of the subthalamic karyon by chance turned on nearby nervus fibres that connect to the limbic system, the web of encephalon countries that control temper. In one patient with Parkinson ‘s disease, deep encephalon stimulation triggered an overpowering feeling of unhappiness and desperation. It went off when the stimulator was turned off. A CAT scan showed that the electrode was located near to the subthalamic karyon, really in the substantia nigger ( Talan, 2009 ) . Historically DBS has been found most effectual against hurting, depression, and symptoms of Parkinson ‘s disease, including shudder and dystonia. The curative marks are really similar to, and seem to be fueled by the earlier consequences of medical electricity ( Talan, 2009 ) . Medical electricity, at the heals of DBS, appears to the be at the threshold of a medical discovery ( Kringelbach, Jenkinson, & A ; Owen, 2007 ) . Causes of Depression ( Biological Perspective ) Familial Influences It is known that temper upsets, peculiarly major depressive upset, runs in households. If one ‘s akin or parent has been depressed, one is more susceptible to undertaking the upset by genetic sciences. Genes act by directing biochemical events that, down the line, influence behaviour ( Myers, 2001 ) . Although the existent cistron has non yet been isolated, multiple surveies corroborate this fact such as the instance survey of Charles Whitman. Both his male parent and gramps experienced drawn-out periods of major depressive upset, therefore accounting genetic sciences from the male side of his household tree for his exhibition of depression at an early age. This would finally burgeon into him floging out his desperation onto others by the agencies of slaughter at the UT tower in Austin, Texas ( Lavergne, 1998 ) . Depressed Brain Depression is caused by a chemical instability of the neurotransmitters-messenger molecules that transport signals to the nervus cells. Serotonin affects temper, hungriness, slumber and rousing. Norepinephrine helps command watchfulness and rousing. Both norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine are scarce during depression. When low, they wholly alter the encephalon chemical science ( Myers, 2001, p.550 ) . [ 1 ] Partss of the Brain Are Affected The limbic constructions [ 2 ] that modulate temper provender into the frontal cerebral mantle, the striate body, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the encephalon root. These parts talk to one another all the clip ; therefore, jobs in the circuit could take to hard thought, attending, temper, and behaviour. Scientists found that these circuits-particularly a overactive web of encephalon cells in the subjenual cingulated part, besides called the Brodmann country 25-are abnormally hyperactive in people with depression. Amygdala In the limbic system, two amygdaliform nervous bunchs, called the amygdaloid nucleus, influence aggression and fright. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Although it is non unequivocal that both of these constructions have a direct correlativity to major depressive upset, since both of these constructions deal with endocrine degrees it is noted that when these degrees are increased, a down province in maintained for a longer sum of clip ( Harvard Medical School, 2007 ) . How Nerve cells Communicate Signals reach a nerve cell ‘s axon terminal, and from at that place, the message is relayed to the designated country of the organic structure from that axon ( Myers, 2001 ) . As stated antecedently, both norepinephirne and 5-hydroxytryptamine are significantly low in down patients. [ 3 ] ( Carter, 1998 ; Myers, 2001 ) . Treatments of Major Depressive Disorder ( Biological Perspective ) Particular drugs such as Paxil, Zoloft, and Prozac can alleviate depression by barricading their re-uptake therefore increasing the degrees of both norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. However, repeated cardiovascular exercising such as running releases endorphins and increases the sum of 5-hydroxytryptamine the blood stream that besides helps relieve depression ( Myers, 2001 ) . Yet, these interventions may merely work temporarily for some sick persons. Since leukotomies are no longer practiced, persons with major depressive upset merely abide by his or her medicine modus operandi or can undergo VNS ( vagus nervus stimulation ) is combined with the cardinal construct of deep encephalon stimulation to breathe electrical currents to the ventromedial cerebral mantle, the centre to a great extent involved in positive support and feelings of pleasance ( Talan, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Helen Mayberg, a adult female who has pioneered functional function of the down encephalon at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center in San Antonio and John Hopkins University School of Medicine, she has realized that interventions take different route within the encephalon, but they finally arrive at the same reference. That is why people with depression could acquire better many different ways, even with a placebo pill ( Talan, 2009 ) . Stimulating the web of the limbic system affects motive, societal interaction, the ability to see pleasance and anxiousness. One frequently hears people say that the room looks brighter, that a weight has lifted, when the simulators are tested during the surgery of deep encephalon stimulation ( Talan, 2009 ) . When interventions work, the activity of the limbic system webs appears to return to normal. It makes sense that the so many encephalon countries are involved in depression, which is non merely negative temper. Peoples lose their motive to acquire out of bed, to work, to love. They have jobs paying attending and believing clearly. Their feeding and kiping spiels â€Å" are manner off-kitler † ( Talan, 2009, p. 82 ) . How Deep Brain Stimulation Works The basic thought behind deep encephalon stimulation and how it operates is by engrafting electrodes into the encephalon near the subthalamic karyon, and so engrafting a battery in the thorax of the patient. By making so, the sawbones can externally command the battery to breathe peculiar electromotive forces of pulsations the encephalon so it can, hopefully, aim the encephalon where it is most affected. Although in some patients it is necessary to replace the battery every six months since it is hard to find the right battery accustomed for each patient, the success rate is swimmingly above 50 per centum, therefore demoing outstanding possible and procedure in the distant hereafter. Case Study of Deanna Cole-Benjamin Deanna Cole-Benjamin, a public wellness nurse, was the 6th patient at the University of Toronto to undergo deep encephalon stimulation for terrible and grim depression. Virtually every antidepressant on the market, every bit good as 80 unit of ammunitions of electroconvulsive therapy therapy, had failed her. â€Å" It was worse than being dead in a manner † ( Talan, 2009, p. 83 ) said Cole-Benjamin. Her self-destructive ideas and actions had led to four old ages in and out of the Kingston Psychiatric Hospital. Cole-Benjamin was so deeply ill that she could hardly speak. When the sawbones who operated on her turned up the device to excite the first contact, nil happened. When he turned up the stimulation more, the patient described a brighter feeling. When he turned it off, she fell rather once more and thought possibly it was merely her imaginativeness ( Talan, 2009 ) . Within a few hebdomads, the symptoms that had plagued Cole-Benjamin for four old ages were significantly decreased. Before her surgery, she told her sawbones that she wanted to be able to embrace her kids and to experience their heat and love. Finally, after twelvemonth of concealing under her screens, she could embrace her kids and experience deep pleasance ( Talan, 2009 ) . Case Study of Melissa Murphy Depression had landed in Murphy ‘s life with no warning two twelvemonth earlier, when the merrily married and successful public dealingss executive got up from her desk on a warm summer afternoon, walked out of her office, and ne'er returned. She went place and cried, and she had no thought why. Other than for an occasional physician ‘s assignment, she did non lavish or dress for the outside universe for months. Her hubby, Scott, had taken a occupation in Boston and she had remained in Chicago. For a piece, she kept up visual aspect on the phone with Scott. Deeply, distressingly depressed, she remained in this asleep province until October, when Scot traveled to Chicago, packed her up, and moved her back E ( Talan, 2009 ) . By so, Murphy ‘s weight had dropped below one hundred lbs. Neither the healers he saw four times a hebdomad nor all the medical specialty she took for months on terminal helped her. Recognizing how bad things truly were, her household arranged for her to undergo electroconvulsive therapy therapy, but despite 17 sessions-to both sides of the brain- † Nothing made a dent † ( Talan, 2009, p. 86 ) Murphy recalled. Finally she became self-destructive. One twenty-four hours she swallowed an full month ‘s supply of the anti-anxiety drug Konopin. She would fire herself with coffin nails to see what if felt like. She took kitchen knives to cut her carpuss ( Talan, 2009 ) . By the clip Murphy showed up at Dougherty ‘s office, she had been treated by six other head-shrinkers. He looked at a sum-up of all interventions and thought about seeking vagus nervus stimulation, which late had been approved for treatment-resistant depression. The pneumogastric nervus starts at the encephalon root and descends to the cervix, thorax, and venters. It helps in feeling aortal blood force per unit area, decelerating bosom rate, exciting digestive variety meats, and pull offing gustatory sensation. Studies show that the nervus undertakings to some countries of the encephalon associated with depression, and for still unexplained grounds, exciting it seems to raise temper in about a 3rd of patients. Surgeons thread a wire into the cervix, wrap it around the nervus, and connect the wire to a battery-operated pacesetter in the thorax. However, she was excessively ill for even vagus nervus stimulation ( Talan, 2009 ) . Potato became the 10th patient to undergo deep encephalon stimulation in the Cleveland, Brown, and Harvard coaction ( Talan, 2009 ) . Three hebdomads after the operation, Greenberg turned on the batteries and began programming the device. Melissa Murphy laughed for the firs clip in old ages. During Murphy ‘s scheduling with Greenberg, she remembers experiencing a haste of warm blood throughout her organic structure right before she laughed. When the stimulator was turned off, the heat was gone ( Talan, 2009 ) . Programing is portion art, portion scientific discipline. Murphy ‘s initial scene was four Vs on each side, and it was subsequently increased to eight Vs. The alteration was slow and steady, and the battery seemed to necessitate altering every six moths-each alteration intending another twenty-four hours of surgery to open up Murphy ‘s thorax and faux pas in a new hitter ( Talan, 2009 ) . Deep encephalon stimulation turned out to be something less than the instant remedy that Murphy hoped it would be. â€Å" I thought one time they turned it on I would be better right manner, but it has take a batch longer than I thought † ( Talan, 2009, p.89 ) Murphy said. She still has great hard with concentration, memory, and believing clearly. Doctors kept records of these symptoms because it was possible that they were side effects of the device itself ( Talan, 2009 ) . Decision The human encephalon has a long history of entering memory and temper, and it will take more than merely one chink of a button and a bend of a dial to acquire people better. Therefore, it is non yet clear what deep encephalon stimulation is really making at the web degree. Mayberg believes that this depression web is hyperactive, but squads of scientists have shown that stimulation activates end product from the encephalon web involved in depression. Harmonizing to Jerry Vitek, soon at the Cleveland Clinic, stimulation non merely activates the end product from the stirred construction but besides changes the form of neural activity from a noisy, helter-skelter signal to a more regular 1. Vitek believes that this may be the key to how it works, but notes that much remains to be done to understand the effects on the web and how it may alter with long-run stimulation. In 2008, deep encephalon stimulation for depression was still really much an experimental process, and the mechanisms underlying the clinical alteration in patients remained a enigma. Extra old ages of surveies and punctilious analysis of the consequences are necessary to reason a definite consequence so DBS can finally assist some of the patients whom head-shrinkers have been unable to handle conventionally. [ 1 ] Appendix B depicts a Favored scan of the difference between a down and normal encephalon. [ 2 ] Appendix C is a labelled image of the Basal Ganglia, which includes limbic system. [ 3 ] Appendix F shows the different tracts Dopastat and serotonin return in the encephalon.

Good People… Are Good Because They’re Come to Wisdom Through Failure

According to the critical lens by William Saroyan, â€Å"Good people†¦ are good because they’re come to wisdom through failure. † In other words that a person can learn from mistakes and become a better person. Two literary works that agree with this statement are The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. The novel by William Golding, The Lord of the Flies reveals with a person can learn from mistakes and become a better person. The setting took place on an uninhabited island. Ralph was characterized as the oldest of the boys, handsome, and confident. Piggy can be characterized as the logic on the island. Jack Merridew an aggressive boy who became the leader of the tribe after Ralph’s failure. Piggy trying to preach the rules to everyone and Roger rolls a boulder at him and kills him. Ralph witnessed Piggy’s death and ran away. From this point on Ralph discovered through Piggy’s death, that it was useless trying to reason with Jack’s tribe. Ralph ran and hides from them. As a result, Ralph learned through Piggy’s mistakes and stayed alive. William Saroyan implies that a person can learn from mistakes and become a better person. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey reveals with the statement. We can learn from mistakes and become a better person. The story takes place in a mental institution in the Pacific Northwest. The narrator of the novel is chief Bromden, also known as chief Broom; a half staff assumes is deaf and dumb. Randall Patrick McMurphy is a new patient who came from a work farm. He suggested a party, but got cought by the Big Nurse. He received a lobotomy. Chief learned from McMurphy. At the end, he escaped the hospital and returning to society to battle the combine. In both novels The Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey reveal the statement that we can learn from mistakes and become a better person. Both main characters learn from other mistakes and become a better person.

Corporate Financial Internal Controls

Corporate Financial Internal Controls Whether a business is privately or publicly owned, regulated under a number of United States Government compliance laws, corporations should follow due diligence and incorporate internal controls to ensure accountability in their financial reports. Management is the first line of defense in maintaining the truthfulness in finance of the company. Managers must be alert to the accounting system that is at hand, without this first line awareness, rudimentary protection of the company financial reports would be at risk.In being in the trenches, so to speak, managers need to know the features of the accounting systems that are in use at the company and its controls ( Noordin, 1997). Some of these features include having reliable personnel with clear responsibilities, separation of duties, proper authorization, adequate documentation and cost benefit analysis ( Noordin, 1997). Record keeping is absolutely an essential in conducting business, whether the company is enterprise or small busin ess, records are the core of maintaining accountability in day-to-day activities.English: Figure 16: Set-up and roles within the ex...Having effective internal control techniques is important in keeping the company books "under control," and companies are including the specific controls that are employed in their annual reports, this is considered a good corporate governance practice (Willis, et al, 2000). Even the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) do not require the publishing of the internal controls in the annual report of the company. Over the last ten years, auditors and preparers have reached agreement on some of the routine internal control items to be included in the annual reports (Willis, et al, 2000). These reports now include the following topics within the body of the published works: Financial statement presentation; Purpose, nature and components of the company's internal controls; role of the internal audit, role of th e audit committee, role of the independent auditor...

3G Services in India

The telecom expert’s view at a 3G India Mobile Operators Executive Summit was that the new service could lead to explosive 3G growth in India with low cost UMTS enable mobile phones. It would enable cheaper download of several applications like Mobile TV, Video clips of films and Sports like Cricket, Education network Gaming and Entertainment; for hi-end users, voice and video callings would be cheaper on 3G. The State run telecom operator Bhart Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) who have been providing 3Gmobile services for some months and still only licensees to provide the 3G mobile and broadband service in India, enlightened the operators assembled with their own experience in the much hyped 3G domain. India’s First 3G mobile service operator MTNL ’s Chief General Manager (Wireless Services-Delhi), A. K. Bhargava pointed out how the problem was not in technology but in ancillary services like billing and customer management. â€Å"The customer does not care whether it is 3G or 2G; we have to educate him on what benefits to expect from 3G.† MTNL had fewcustomers to begin with but once the benefits were explained â€Å"we had one lakh new 3G customers in just a month†. The higher tariff at the beginning restricted usage but â€Å"when tariff came down, customer base multiplied†, he added. His view was that â€Å"it was too early to talk of 3G services becoming popular with bottom of the pyramid customers.† But for the service to be profitable, the customer search should include middle level users as well as hi-end ones. The potentialcustomers could be preselected from the existing subscriber base and told about what 3G could mean to each one of them. The MTNL executive suggested that operators must project 3G as a tool for enhancing efficiency, productivity and as promoting a changed life style and not as a mere upgrade on 2G. According to the BSNL principal general manager for value added services, Mr. S. S. Sirohi, 3G would be most popular with those who need to use Internet while on the move. â€Å"Download is quick with 3G bandwidth† he pointed out taking a leaf out of his company’s offer of 3G services in the last few months. Live TV would be most popular and also network games with 3G availability. Mr. Sirohi advised theprospective operators to offer a bouquet of services on 3G different from the ones they were so far offering on the 2G networks. â€Å"Opportunity for network games is enormous on 3G networks. This bouquet of services would drive the quest for rising average revenue per user†. Among other services that 3G would make popular, would be family services like multi-media. Operators should configure services before they begin to offer the higher bandwidth. Educate the customer to discover that for many of the hi-end services, 3G base would be much cheaper for him. The experts also wanted the cost of handsets that can enable use of 3G, to be cheaper than what they are today. â€Å"A handset costing Rs 5,000 may not be cheap by our standards† Mr. Bhargava pointed out. â€Å"It should come down to Rs.3000 or even less.† Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) member R. N. Prabhakar advised the operators to use existing 2G networks to transmit 3G service also, to reduce costs enabling them with right software. HSPA enabled networks would be able to handle 3G transmission. He assured mobilecustomers that the regulator would keep a watch on the quality of service of 2G operation even as networks move on to provide 3G services. Mr. Avner Amran, chief operating officer of leading 3G network provider TTI Telecom, a worldwide company with comprehensive 3G network operator service solutions experience in several continents likened the explosive growth of telecomin India as â€Å"more a kind of revolution than evolution, any operator going into 3G needs to prepare for the switching by advance preparation of the potential customer and lining up adequate applications†, he told a select audience at the summit organised by Bharat Exhibitions.Bharat Exhibitions MD Mr. Shashi Dharan said â€Å"3G about to become a reality from a dream† emphasizing the context of the event. The 3G auctions are expected to conclude by February There will be three type of customers to drive 3G in india†¦. 1. Business people using phones as Data Modem. Some thing similar to Reliance NetConnect or Tata Photon+. Pricing should be comparable to exiting broadband plans. 2. Connected Generation which needs to own one device to manage there social networks e.g. skype,twitter,facebook and always connected. 3. Parents of IT generation the great Indian Middle class who can always do with easy to use video phone services. 1. This delay of over three years has deprived Indian subscribers of the benefits of high-speed mobile data services, which is proven to affect positively the domestic economy 2. 3G will permit to offer data related services and also some innovative video VAS services. Giving millions of people access to broadband Internet in a short span of time. 3. This is also an opportunity for Indian developers to join efforts with operators to develop applications that will meet the needs of the Indian mobile user. And because of the size and India software skills, these could be rolled out into other emerging markets. 4. Moving 3G will enable high-speed data transfer enhance the user experience on services like live video streaming and many other graphic formats. As 3G is packet based, it uses wireless spectrum more efficiently than circuit switched formats. 5. The slow data transfer problems that subscribers faced with 2.5G will be improved by 3G. Also other services will be benefited by the higher bit pipe provided by 3G like music download or Internet applications/search. It will help operators offer rich content and new services such as mobile commerce, mobile music, video-based services and hi-speed mobile Internet services 6. One of the biggest benefits for operators in India for launching 3G is to provide additional spectrum for voice services. Many operators are starved of spectrum and as 3G offers four to five times the voice capacity of 2G spectrums, it is a cost-effective tool to deliver voice 7. Still India has a Poor broadband penetration (as of March 2008 there were only 6.22 million broadband subscriptions). mainly because the large untapped rural market. Is a big challenge to provide high bandwidth in rural areas using fixed lines. With 3G, network operators can offer wireless broadband services. Empowering services like telemedicine, virtual marketplace and e-learning can help to make people’s life better. 8. According to (FICCI), in India, 3G subscriber base is expected to reach 90 million by 2013, accounting for 12% of the overall wireless user base. By 2013, 3G service revenues are expected to generate $15.8 billion, accounting for a share of 46% in overall wireless service revenue. There will also be an increase in the share of non-voice services, including data card access, and short messaging service. The Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) from these services is expected rise from the present 9% to nearly 23%.† 2010. The Indian telecommunications industry is the world’s fastest growing telecommunications industry,[1][2][3] with 688.38 Million telephone (landlines and mobile) subscribers and 652.42 Million mobile phone connections as of July 2010 [4] It is also the second largest telecommunication network in the world in terms of number of wireless connections after China.[5] The Indian Mobile subscriber base has increased in size by a factor of more than one-hundred since 2001 when the number of subscribers in the country was approximately 5 million[6] to 652.42 Million in July 2010.[4] As the fastest growing telecommunications industry in the world, it is projected that India will have 1.159 billion mobile subscribers by 2013.[7][8][9][10] Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.[7][8] The industry is expected to reach a size of 344,921 crore (US$76.23 billion) by 2012 at a growth rate of over 26 per cent, and generate employment opportunities for about 10 million people during the same period.[11] According to analysts, the sector would create direct employment for 2.8 million people and for 7 million indirectly.[11] In 2008-09 the overall telecom equipments revenue in India stood at 136,833 crore (US$30.24 billion) during the fiscal, as against 115,382 crore (US$25.5 billion) a year before. 3G Services in India The telecom expert’s view at a 3G India Mobile Operators Executive Summit was that the new service could lead to explosive 3G growth in India with low cost UMTS enable mobile phones. It would enable cheaper download of several applications like Mobile TV, Video clips of films and Sports like Cricket, Education network Gaming and Entertainment; for hi-end users, voice and video callings would be cheaper on 3G. The State run telecom operator Bhart Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) who have been providing 3Gmobile services for some months and still only licensees to provide the 3G mobile and broadband service in India, enlightened the operators assembled with their own experience in the much hyped 3G domain. India’s First 3G mobile service operator MTNL ’s Chief General Manager (Wireless Services-Delhi), A. K. Bhargava pointed out how the problem was not in technology but in ancillary services like billing and customer management. â€Å"The customer does not care whether it is 3G or 2G; we have to educate him on what benefits to expect from 3G.† MTNL had fewcustomers to begin with but once the benefits were explained â€Å"we had one lakh new 3G customers in just a month†. The higher tariff at the beginning restricted usage but â€Å"when tariff came down, customer base multiplied†, he added. His view was that â€Å"it was too early to talk of 3G services becoming popular with bottom of the pyramid customers.† But for the service to be profitable, the customer search should include middle level users as well as hi-end ones. The potentialcustomers could be preselected from the existing subscriber base and told about what 3G could mean to each one of them. The MTNL executive suggested that operators must project 3G as a tool for enhancing efficiency, productivity and as promoting a changed life style and not as a mere upgrade on 2G. According to the BSNL principal general manager for value added services, Mr. S. S. Sirohi, 3G would be most popular with those who need to use Internet while on the move. â€Å"Download is quick with 3G bandwidth† he pointed out taking a leaf out of his company’s offer of 3G services in the last few months. Live TV would be most popular and also network games with 3G availability. Mr. Sirohi advised theprospective operators to offer a bouquet of services on 3G different from the ones they were so far offering on the 2G networks. â€Å"Opportunity for network games is enormous on 3G networks. This bouquet of services would drive the quest for rising average revenue per user†. Among other services that 3G would make popular, would be family services like multi-media. Operators should configure services before they begin to offer the higher bandwidth. Educate the customer to discover that for many of the hi-end services, 3G base would be much cheaper for him. The experts also wanted the cost of handsets that can enable use of 3G, to be cheaper than what they are today. â€Å"A handset costing Rs 5,000 may not be cheap by our standards† Mr. Bhargava pointed out. â€Å"It should come down to Rs.3000 or even less.† Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) member R. N. Prabhakar advised the operators to use existing 2G networks to transmit 3G service also, to reduce costs enabling them with right software. HSPA enabled networks would be able to handle 3G transmission. He assured mobilecustomers that the regulator would keep a watch on the quality of service of 2G operation even as networks move on to provide 3G services. Mr. Avner Amran, chief operating officer of leading 3G network provider TTI Telecom, a worldwide company with comprehensive 3G network operator service solutions experience in several continents likened the explosive growth of telecomin India as â€Å"more a kind of revolution than evolution, any operator going into 3G needs to prepare for the switching by advance preparation of the potential customer and lining up adequate applications†, he told a select audience at the summit organised by Bharat Exhibitions.Bharat Exhibitions MD Mr. Shashi Dharan said â€Å"3G about to become a reality from a dream† emphasizing the context of the event. The 3G auctions are expected to conclude by February There will be three type of customers to drive 3G in india†¦. 1. Business people using phones as Data Modem. Some thing similar to Reliance NetConnect or Tata Photon+. Pricing should be comparable to exiting broadband plans. 2. Connected Generation which needs to own one device to manage there social networks e.g. skype,twitter,facebook and always connected. 3. Parents of IT generation the great Indian Middle class who can always do with easy to use video phone services. 1. This delay of over three years has deprived Indian subscribers of the benefits of high-speed mobile data services, which is proven to affect positively the domestic economy 2. 3G will permit to offer data related services and also some innovative video VAS services. Giving millions of people access to broadband Internet in a short span of time. 3. This is also an opportunity for Indian developers to join efforts with operators to develop applications that will meet the needs of the Indian mobile user. And because of the size and India software skills, these could be rolled out into other emerging markets. 4. Moving 3G will enable high-speed data transfer enhance the user experience on services like live video streaming and many other graphic formats. As 3G is packet based, it uses wireless spectrum more efficiently than circuit switched formats. 5. The slow data transfer problems that subscribers faced with 2.5G will be improved by 3G. Also other services will be benefited by the higher bit pipe provided by 3G like music download or Internet applications/search. It will help operators offer rich content and new services such as mobile commerce, mobile music, video-based services and hi-speed mobile Internet services 6. One of the biggest benefits for operators in India for launching 3G is to provide additional spectrum for voice services. Many operators are starved of spectrum and as 3G offers four to five times the voice capacity of 2G spectrums, it is a cost-effective tool to deliver voice 7. Still India has a Poor broadband penetration (as of March 2008 there were only 6.22 million broadband subscriptions). mainly because the large untapped rural market. Is a big challenge to provide high bandwidth in rural areas using fixed lines. With 3G, network operators can offer wireless broadband services. Empowering services like telemedicine, virtual marketplace and e-learning can help to make people’s life better. 8. According to (FICCI), in India, 3G subscriber base is expected to reach 90 million by 2013, accounting for 12% of the overall wireless user base. By 2013, 3G service revenues are expected to generate $15.8 billion, accounting for a share of 46% in overall wireless service revenue. There will also be an increase in the share of non-voice services, including data card access, and short messaging service. The Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) from these services is expected rise from the present 9% to nearly 23%.† 2010. The Indian telecommunications industry is the world’s fastest growing telecommunications industry,[1][2][3] with 688.38 Million telephone (landlines and mobile) subscribers and 652.42 Million mobile phone connections as of July 2010 [4] It is also the second largest telecommunication network in the world in terms of number of wireless connections after China.[5] The Indian Mobile subscriber base has increased in size by a factor of more than one-hundred since 2001 when the number of subscribers in the country was approximately 5 million[6] to 652.42 Million in July 2010.[4] As the fastest growing telecommunications industry in the world, it is projected that India will have 1.159 billion mobile subscribers by 2013.[7][8][9][10] Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.[7][8] The industry is expected to reach a size of 344,921 crore (US$76.23 billion) by 2012 at a growth rate of over 26 per cent, and generate employment opportunities for about 10 million people during the same period.[11] According to analysts, the sector would create direct employment for 2.8 million people and for 7 million indirectly.[11] In 2008-09 the overall telecom equipments revenue in India stood at 136,833 crore (US$30.24 billion) during the fiscal, as against 115,382 crore (US$25.5 billion) a year before.